Virtual reality 3D graphic representation helps users to understand three-dimensional space, which facilitates decision-making around a project, compared to representations in two-dimensional plans and models. Once inside the building, virtual reality also helps to create a three-dimensional space where objects, textures, materials, lighting and other 3D components can be displayed with a high level of reality. Together, this allows for an understanding of the impact on the environment while virtually navigating around the 3D representation of the project. VR facilitates the superposition of different structures and installations in projects and allows working with the constructional and architectural design elements of different buildings. In 3D virtual building design, VR allows users to simulate the impact of a project on a geographical environment that is already built. The use of 3D modeling tools combined with visualization techniques in virtual reality (VR) environments is already part of the building engineering design process. Unlike in the HDM VR environment, student in the desktop VR environment did not report feelings of fatigue or dizziness. Results from the user-experience questionnaire showed that the desktop VR environment strategy was well perceived by students in terms of interaction, 3D visualization, navigation, and sense of presence. The desktop VR environment is an alternative to the HMD-VR environment for planning strategies to improve spatial orientation. The gain in spatial orientation skill was 12.62%, similar to that obtained with head-mounted displays (14.23%). A questionnaire on user experience in the virtual environment was also administered. The Perspective Taking/Spatial Orientation Test measured spatial orientation skill. Performance of students using the desktop-VR was compared to a previous workshop in which navigation tasks were carried out using head-mounted displays. In the present study, 25 building engineering students performed navigation tasks in a desktop-VR environment workshop. With VR, users navigate through virtually designed buildings and must be constantly aware of their position relative to other elements of the environment (orientation during navigation). Spatial orientation skill is necessary for understanding 3D space.
Virtual reality is a powerful tool for teaching 3D digital technologies in building engineering, as it facilitates the spatial perception of three-dimensional space.
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